What is a corneal abrasion (scratched eye)?
On this page, you'll learn about common symptoms of a scratched eye. We'll also look at diagnosis, corneal abrasion treatment, and how to protect yourself from this kind of injury.
Corneal abrasions explained
A corneal abrasion is the medical name for a scratch on the front surface of your eye. The cornea is the clear, protective layer that covers the front of the eye. A scratch to this area can be very painful, often leads to red eye, and may make your eye extra sensitive to light.
Corneal abrasions can happen in all sorts of ways – from getting poked in the eye, to something flying into it, or even rubbing your eyes too hard. While they’re uncomfortable, most scratches are minor and heal up by itself in a couple of days. If the injury is more serious, your optometrist can guide you through the right treatment to help it heal properly.
What the experts say about corneal abrasion
A corneal abrasion is a scratch on the surface of your eye. It can feel gritty or painful, like there’s something stuck in your eye. Our optometrists can check for damage using a special dye and light. Most scratches heal quickly with the right care – often just lubricating drops and a short break from contact lenses.
Symptoms of corneal abrasion (eye scratch)
Have you noticed one of your eyes hurts, or feels uncomfortable? It could be a corneal abrasion. Depending on how the eyeball scratch happened, and how large the scrape is, you could experience some of the following kinds of symptoms.
If you experience any of these symptoms, it's important to get your eyes checked. Although corneal abrasions often clear up by themselves, they can get infected if not treated. So, visit an optometrist as soon as you can.
Eye pain
Especially when opening or closing them (it can be worse in the morning when you wake up).
Learn more about eye pain
Watery eyes
You might notice your eyes are much more watery or teary than usual.
Learn more about watery eyes
Red or bloodshot eyes
When the whites of your eyes appear pink with blood vessels more visible than usual.
Learn more about red or bloodshot eyes
Blurry vision
Which makes things appear distorted, fuzzy or unclear.
Learn more about blurry vision
Book an eye testCommon causes of corneal abrasion (scratched eye)
Lots of things can lead to a scratched eye, but there are some causes that optometrists see more often than others. These include accidentally poking your eye with a finger or nail, or getting something sharp like grit, sand or dust in your eye. Contact lens wearers sometimes develop scratches if they leave daily lenses in overnight, or if lenses aren’t cleaned properly. Rubbing your eyes too hard – especially if there’s something already in them – can also cause damage.
Other common causes include scratching your eye while putting on makeup, dry eye syndrome (when your eyes don’t make enough tears), and getting flicked in the eye by a leaf or twig outdoors. Sports like martial arts, squash or tennis can also pose a risk, especially if something hits the eye at speed. Less common but possible causes include exposure to UV light (such as in tanning salons or very bright sun) and chemical splashes, either in the workplace or from household cleaning products.
Learn more about dry eye syndrome
Normal cornea vs scratched cornea
A corneal abrasion isn’t usually visible to the naked eye, but an optometrist can spot it by using a special orange dye called fluorescein and examining the eye with a slit lamp microscope.
Who is more likely to get a scratched eye?
Anyone can get a scratched cornea, but it tends to affect some people more than others. It’s most common in working‑age men, likely due to increased exposure to activities or environments that carry a higher risk of eye injury.
It’s also more likely in contact lens wearers, people with diabetes, and those who’ve previously had damage to the cornea from injury or certain eye conditions.
Learn more about diabetic retinopathy
Diagnosing corneal abrasion
Our optometrists see people with corneal abrasions almost every day. After asking about your symptoms, they’ll use a couple of different methods to check what’s going on. One common method is a slit‑lamp exam. This is a special microscope that lets the optometrist look closely at the surface of your eye.
If a slit lamp isn’t available – for example, if you go straight to the ED – the doctor might use a fluorescent dye instead. A few drops are placed in the affected eye, and a blue light is used to highlight the scratch. This method is safe and helps make the abrasion easier to see.
Scratch on eyeball treatment
Treatment for a corneal abrasion depends on how it happened and how severe your symptoms are. Small scratches often heal on their own in a couple of days. Your optometrist might suggest rinsing the eye, resting it, taking over‑the‑counter pain relief and avoiding bright lights to help it recover.
If the scratch is more serious, you may need extra support. This could include antibiotic eye drops to prevent infection and lubricating ointment to protect the eye and ease discomfort. You can also help things along by wearing sunglasses to reduce light sensitivity, using a cold compress, and avoiding screens until your eye feels better.
When to get emergency care for an eyeball scratch
Most corneal abrasions heal on their own, but there are times when you should go to the emergency department. Call Triple Zero (000) or head to your nearest ED if something is lodged in your eye (not just on the surface), your eye is bleeding, the pain lasts more than 24 hours or gets worse, chemicals have splashed in your eye, your vision changes suddenly (like seeing halos or things looking blurry), or if you feel nauseous, vomit, black out or feel dizzy.
How long does a corneal abrasion take to heal?
Healing time depends on how big the scratch is. Smaller corneal abrasions usually heal in two to three days, while larger ones might take four to five days. If your eye is still sore after a few days’ rest, it’s best to book an appointment with an optometrist.
Book an eye testHow to avoid corneal abrasions (scratched eye)
You can lower your risk of scratching your eye by taking a few simple steps. If you work somewhere with flying particles – like a building site, workshop or foundry – wearing protective goggles, glasses or a face shield is important. At home, safety glasses can help prevent injury while gardening or doing DIY jobs.
Sport is another common cause of eye injuries. Wearing proper eye protection in activities like squash, tennis, basketball or martial arts can help keep your eyes safe. It’s also important to be careful with contact lenses – don’t sleep in them unless they’re designed for overnight use, and always follow the instructions for how long to wear them.
Makeup can also lead to scratches if you’re not careful. Use products that are still in date, apply mascara gently, and avoid poking or pulling at your lashes. Taking care with your eyes day to day can help prevent problems later.
Scratched eyes FAQs
Scratched eyes normally heal by themselves after a few days. The best thing you can do to heal a scratched eye is to have plenty of rest and avoid aggravating it (for example, by looking at bright lights or rubbing your eyelids). Your optometrist may also recommend using antibiotic eye drops or eye ointments.
If you've scratched your eye today, getting plenty of rest is one of the best things you can do to help it heal. A cornea scratch usually takes at least a couple of days to get better, so it may not be fully healed after one night's sleep ‑ but you should notice an improvement. If your doctor has prescribed you with antibiotic eyedrops or any other medication, use them as instructed.
If you've scratched your eye and you're far from medical help, follow basic first aid. If you have access to clean water (preferably recently boiled then cooled and filtered) use it to gently wash out your eye. You can also blink to help clean it. Rest and recover as much as possible. Because there's more chance of things getting in your eye in the Outback, you may want to use gauze to cover your closed eyelid until you get somewhere you can be treated. If the eye is painful, take over‑the‑counter painkillers.
Maybe, but it depends on what's caused the eye scratch, your symptoms, and the nature of your job. The issue is that many jobs require you to use your eyes a lot, whereas you need to rest your eyes to recover quickly from a corneal abrasion. In an ideal world, you'd rest at home until you're fully recovered, but we know that's not always possible. In the first place, speak to your doctor and the health and safety rep at your workplace to discuss what you can do.
Yes, if you have a valid Medicare card, you can receive a comprehensive eye examination anywhere in Australia.
It depends on how much damage has been done to your cornea. Generally, smaller scratches take 2‑3 days to heal, while larger scratches might take around 4‑5 days.
We generally advise against driving until your scratched eye has fully recovered. Corneal abrasions can make your eyes uncomfortable, water or make them blurry, which could make driving less safe since you might not be able to see as clearly. It's also really distracting if your eye hurts while you're driving.
No, corneal abrasions don't usually cause permanent damage. Most people's corneas heal very quickly after scrapes and scratches, and you should return to normal after a few days. However, if the scratch gets infected, it could potentially lead to more damage ‑ so it's really important to see an optometrist.
Did you know?
Eye tests are bulk billed to Medicare, so there are no out‑of‑pocket expenses for you*.
McCarthy, C., et al (1999) Epidemiology of ocular trauma in Australia. Available at: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10485561/
(Accessed: 12 December 2025)Northey, L., et al. (2014) Eye trauma epidemiology in regional Australia. Available at: https://researchonline.nd.edu.au/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1686&context=med_article
(Accessed: 12 December 2025)RAGCP (2017) Managing corneal foreign bodies in office‑based general practice. Available at: https://www.racgp.org.au/afp/2017/march/managing‑corneal‑foreign‑bodies‑in‑office‑based‑ge
(Accessed: 12 December 2025)The Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital (2025) Corneal abrasion. Available at: https://eyeandear.org.au/patients‑visitors/fact‑sheets/corneal‑abrasion/
(Accessed: 12 December 2025)
Could it be something else?
Eye herpes can cause inflammation and ulcers in the top layer of your cornea, among other symptoms.
Learn more about eye herpes
This common condition affects the surface of your eyelid, and can make it feel like you have grit in your eye.
Learn more about conjunctivitis
Styes cause small, painful lumps on the eyelid ‑ and can feel a bit like a scratched eye.
Learn more about styes
Dry eye syndrome is when your eyes don't produce enough tears, and can cause a gritty feeling in your eyes.
Learn more about dry eye syndrome
Swollen eyelids can happen for a few different reasons, and cause sensitivity to light ‑ among other issues.
Learn more about swollen eyelids
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